biology writing question and need the explanation and answer to help me learn.
I’ve attached the questions
Requirements: answer questions
HOMEWORK # 3 – Insolation and the Annual Energy Budget
—————————————————————-REMEMBER
Figure 1: Each layer of the atmosphere has a name, altitude, composition, and temperature.
Figure 2: Each layer of the atmosphere has a specific temperature according of how much incoming solar radiation (incident solar radiation, solar radiation) is received and the gases concentrated in the layer.
Figure 3: After considers the layers of the atmosphere remember about the Earth`s Revolution, Earth`s Rotation, and Earth`s tilt, all of this changes the way the Earth`s receives solar radiation, it defines the seasons in Northern and Southern Hemisphere (opposite, such as, Winter season in Northern Hemisphere is summer season in Southern Hemisphere, and how much daily radiation is received (Equator receiver more compare to Midlatitudes, Polar areas receives less solar radiation).
REMEMBER: According to scientists e National Geographic, season is a period of the year that is distinguished by special climate conditions. The four seasons—spring, summer, fall, and winter—follow one another regularly. Each has its own light, temperature, and weather patterns that repeat yearly. Seasons occur because Earth is tilted on its axis relative to the orbital plane, the invisible, flat disc where most objects in the solar system orbit the sun. Earth’s axis is an invisible line that runs through its center, from pole to pole. Earth rotates around its axis. In June, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the sun’s rays hit it for a greater part of the day than in winter. This means it gets more hours of daylight. In December, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, with fewer hours of daylight.
The seasons in the Northern Hemisphere are the opposite of those in the Southern Hemisphere. The winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere is June 20 or 21, while the summer solstice, the longest day of the year, is December 21 or 22. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter generally begins on Winter Solstice, December 21 or 22, which has the shortest period of daylight. Winter typically has cold weather and little daylight. Summer begins on June 20 or 21, the summer solstice, which has the most daylight of any day in the year. Summer is the warmest time of the year and has the most daylight. Spring and fall, or autumn, begin on equinoxes, days that have equal amounts of daylight and darkness. The vernal, or spring, equinox falls on March 20 or 21, and the autumnal equinox is on September 22 or 23. In Spring the temperature starts to increase. In fall (autumn), temperatures start to drop.
The four-season year is typical well defined in the mid-latitudes. The mid-latitudes are places that are neither near the poles nor near the Equator. The farther north you go, the bigger the differences in the seasons. Places near the Equator experience little seasonal variation. They have about the same amount of daylight and darkness throughout the year. These places remain warm year-round. Near the Equator, regions typically have alternating rainy and dry seasons. Polar regions experience seasonal variation, although they are generally colder than other places on Earth. Near the poles, the amount of daylight changes dramatically between summer and winter. In Barrow, Alaska, the northernmost city in the U.S., it stays light all day long between mid-May and early August. The city is in total darkness between mid-November and January.
INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION (INSOLATION)
Incoming solar radiation (Insolation) is an important component of Earth’s energy budget. It not only keeps our temperatures at a reasonable level throughout much of the year, but it also can be harnessed to provide sustainable energy that doesn’t result in the emission of greenhouse gasses. Solar panel technology has become much more efficient in recent years, however there remain some physical limitations that cannot be overcome, including sun angle and day length. As a result, solar energy may make sense in certain regions but not in others.
Figure 4: Shortwave radiation contains higher amounts of energy emitted by the sun, and longwave radiation contains a smaller amount of energy and it is emitted by Atmosphere.
Figure 5: Solar radiation reaching the Earth. Image extract from Florida State University.
Figure 6: Incoming solar radiation real budget.
The difference in solar energy received at different latitudes drives atmospheric circulation.
Figure 7: Albedo=reflectivity. High albedo represents high reflectivity, such as new snow (color white, very bright “brightening”, and reflect as much as possible the incoming solar radiation, barely absorbs heat). Low albedo represents low reflectivity such as asphalt (color black “dimming” because absorbs almost all incoming solar radiation, absorbs a lot of the heat, and increases the temperature).
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum includes long wavelength and low frequency radio waves on one end, and short wavelength high frequency gamma rays on the other, with visible light as a narrow band in the middle.
Figure 8: Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, wavelength.
The wavelength determines the type of electromagnetic radiation—whether it is infrared, ultraviolet, or something else. Certain wavelengths can penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere; others cannot. The earth maintains its energy balance by either absorbing electromagnetic radiation or re-radiating the energy back into space. Website-video:
\\
Figure 9: Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, wavelength, on Earth.
FILTERING AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere is not uniformly transparent to all wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The various gases absorb specific wavelengths by changing vibrational or rotational modes of molecules, or by breaking bonds that hold molecules together.
Figure 10: Radiation transmitted by the atmosphere and related to gases concentration.
Some gases absorb much lower energy (longer wavelength) EM radiation. The class of greenhouse gases, for example, absorbs the infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface thus trapping it in the atmosphere.
Figure 11: The Greenhouse effect associate to incoming solar radiation.
HOMEWORK # 3
QUESTION 1: Explain briefly about perihelion and aphelion.
QUESTION 2: Explain briefly about the Milankovitch Cycle.
QUESTION 3: Explain briefly about solstices and equinoxes for the northern and southern hemispheres.
QUESTION 4: Explain briefly about the Energy Redistribution.
QUESTION 5: Explain briefly about the two different types of heat. (Hint: Sensible heat and latent heat).
QUESTION 6: Explain briefly about Terrestrial Radiation.
QUESTION 7: Explain briefly about the process that energy interacts with the atmosphere.
QUESTION 8: Explain briefly about the term Albedo.
QUESTION 9: Explain briefly about the Atmospheric Windows.
QUESTION 10: In our classes, during the General Balance of Solar Radiation topic (Lecture 4), we discussed the variation of incident solar radiation in different parts of the globe, and the possible temperature variations in different parts of the globe. First, let’s look at Albany (United States), and then Bridgetown (Barbados), Wollongong (Australia), and Fairbanks (United States).
10a. In what month does Albany, Bridgetown, Wollongong and Fairbanks experience its maximum insolation? Is this what you expected? Why or why not?
10b. Does the maximum temperature in Albany, Bridgetown, Wollongong and Fairbanks coincide with maximum insolation for the same location? Why or why not?
10c. What is the *RANGE* in average temperatures for Albany, Bridgetown, Wollongong and Fairbanks?
QUESTION 11. Using the latitudes as a reference determinate, and the table below, estimate the day length for each location on the June and December Solstices for Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Be careful!
11a.
QUESTION 12. Which of the four stations received the highest solar radiation in January? Why is that? Is this what you would have expected?
QUESTION 13. Which of the four stations received the highest solar radiation in June? Why is that? Is this what you would have expected?
QUESTION 14. Based on Question 11. Do all of the stations have their highest temperatures and radiation in summer? If so, describe why there seems to be a delay between maximum radiation and maximum temperature. If not, which ones do not and why is that?
We are a professional custom writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework.
Yes. We have posted over our previous orders to display our experience. Since we have done this question before, we can also do it for you. To make sure we do it perfectly, please fill our Order Form. Filling the order form correctly will assist our team in referencing, specifications and future communication.
1. Click on the “Place order tab at the top menu or “Order Now” icon at the bottom and a new page will appear with an order form to be filled.
2. Fill in your paper’s requirements in the "PAPER INFORMATION" section and click “PRICE CALCULATION” at the bottom to calculate your order price.
3. Fill in your paper’s academic level, deadline and the required number of pages from the drop-down menus.
4. Click “FINAL STEP” to enter your registration details and get an account with us for record keeping and then, click on “PROCEED TO CHECKOUT” at the bottom of the page.
5. From there, the payment sections will show, follow the guided payment process and your order will be available for our writing team to work on it.
Need this assignment or any other paper?
Click here and claim 25% off
Discount code SAVE25