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Name: _________________________________ Class: ___________________ Date:_________ Chapter 21: DNA and Biotechnology Directions: Use the book or my lecture notes to answer the following questions pertaining to DNA and biotechnology. 1. A ________________________ is typically aX or Y shaped structure that is composed of 2. Nucleotides are the subunits that create a DNA molecule. What are the 3 parts to a nucleotide? 3. Which nitrogenous bases pair up together (this is called complementary base pairing)? 4. DNA is twisted into two sides called a 5. How many genes make up your genome? (your genome is all the DNA in 1 cell). 6. Give a brief overview of epigenetics, be sure to write 2 or 3 sentences explaining a few concepts? 7. List 3 human developmental disorders stated in my lecture that are associated with epigenetics. 8. Go to the following website: https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-genetic-engineering What is genetic engineering and/or how does it work. Be sure to jot down at least 3 bullet points. _________________ and _________________ _________________ and _________________
9. There are intricate steps that must be followed when creating genetically modified organisms (i.e. BT corn, golden rice, etc.). The following steps are currently out of order. Put these steps in the correct order. Write the #’s in the correct order here: _______ _______ _______ _______ 1. Infect the plant or animal with the bacterium (this is called transfecting) 2. Insert the gene into the bacterium by using the enzyme ligase. (this is called transformation) 3. Obtain a gene you would like to work with and plan to insert into another organism. 4. Use restriction enzymes to cut plasmids open inside the bacterium 10. Explain 4 examples in which biotechnology/genetic engineering can be beneficial to humans (be specific)? 11. Analyze the following evidence (below) pertaining to a sexual assault case. If you were a criminal investigator, which individual would you arrest for this crime? Answer here:
1 Lab 5: Water Usage Lab: Part 1 Bottled Water Problem: How do humans lessen the use of water in order to allow for everyone on the earth to have enough of this vital resource? Objectives: 1. Develop insights into how purchases can contribute to our water footprint. 2. Understand the constraints of water usage a design solution to lowering water use. 3. Learn about how water is used in the supply chains of different everyday products. 4. Analyze the impact of water use on people globally. Preliminary Information Do you know that water covers 70% of our planet and 97% is in the oceans? In America we’re lucky to have an abundance of water. This country is home to the Great Lakes, which hold 6 quadrillion gallons of water (that’s a 6 with 15 zeros following it), as well as the mighty Mississippi River, which channels up to 4.5 million gallons per second and supplies water to about 15 million people. But even America’s vast water resources are limited, and we need to protect and conserve them. In recent decades, human demand and climate change have placed unprecedented pressure on our national water resources. And while some regions have experienced higher than average rainfall, many parts of the US are suffering record dryness. Notably, in September of 2007 nearly half of the country was experiencing drought, and major bodies of water like the Great Lakes and the Colorado River have been showing significantly reduced water levels. It is speculated that the next world war will be over water. The world water crisis is one of the largest public health issues of our time. Nearly 1.1 billion people (roughly 20% of the world’s population) lack access to safe drinking water. The lack of clean, safe drinking water is estimated to kill almost 4,500 children per day. In fact, out of the 2.2 million unsafe drinking water deaths in 2004, 90% were children under the age of five. Water is essential to the treatment of diseases, something especially critical for children. Did you know that water is used to make the plastic bottle your pop or water comes in, to grow the cotton to make your clothing, to grow the animals that are used to make your burgers, and to power your home? It takes about 1.5 gallons of water to make a plastic pop or water bottle, meaning that your bottled water, juice or pop uses three to five times as much water as it contains.
2 Part 1: Bottled water Costs Show your calculations. Determine the cost of one bottle of water for each brand. 1. Nestle Pure Life Bottled Water, 20-Ounce Bottles (Pack of 24) for $11.26 2. Aquafina Purified Water, 17-Ounce Bottles (Pack of 32) for $4.98 3. FIJI Natural Artesian Water, 33.8-Ounce Bottles (Pack of 6) for $11.68 4. Lifewatr Purified water 23.7-Ounce Bottles (Pack of 12) for $23.7 5. If you drank one bottle of Nestle Pure Life Bottled water ($.47 each) per day for a year (365 days), how much would your bottled-water habit cost in a year? Show your calculations. 6. How much would it cost you if you drank one 33.8 ounce bottle of FIJI Natural Artesian Water each day for a year? Show your calculations. 7. How much would it cost you if you drank one 23.7 ounce bottle of Lifewatr Purified water day for a year? Show your calculations.
3 Food & Water Watch Report (go to the following link) http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/campaign/take-back-tap (or Search “Take back the Tap”) 6. Provide a summary of this program with a minimum of 4 sentences: Now go to the “Related Links” “Tap Water vs. Bottled Water” page. You can click on the link about half way down the page or go to this link: http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/live-healthy/tap-water-vs-bottled-water (Search: Take Back the TapVs. Bottled Water and scroll down to related links) 7. List the five most surprising reasons why you should avoid drinking bottled water. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8. After learning more about bottled water, what do you think about doing the Take Back The Tap Program at MVCC? Provide a paragraph of at least five sentences: Watch the Story of Bottled Water. http://www.storyofstuff.org/movies-all/story-of-bottled-water/ (or Search “Story of Stuff Bottled Water”) 9. Do you drink bottled water? Why or why not?
4 10. Has your opinion of bottled water changed after doing the water footprint, reading the Food & Water Watch Report, and watching the Story of Bottled Water? Will you continue to drink it regularly? Write at least 4 complete sentences. 11. Think about ALL of the research you have just finished. If areas of the world run out of water, what will this mean? (Think environmentally, social equity/justice, health, biodiversity, cultural, economics.) List four issues that result from water unavailability: 1. 2. 3. 4. Lab 5 Part 2: Home Water Usage Problem: How do humans lessen the use of water in order to allow for everyone on the earth to have enough of this vital resource? Objectives: 1. Develop insights into how purchases can contribute to our water footprint. 2. Understand the constraints of water usage a design solution to lowering water use. 3. Learn about how water is used in the supply chains of different everyday products. 4. Analyze the impact of water use on people globally. Part 1: Determining the size of you water footprint Hypothesis: Hypothesize how many gallons of water you think you use in a day. The amount of water that it takes to make something is called a Water Footprint. Go to: www.watercalculator.org to determine the size of your Water Footprint. Enter the H2O calculator. Be honest (you will not be graded on the amount of water you use).
5 1. What is your total household water use in gallons per day? 2. What is your individual water use in gallons per day? 3. How do you compare to the American Average? Do you use more or less that the Average American and by how much? 4. View the Detailed Results of Your Water Footprint. What suggestions are made? 5. What suggestions will you commit to incorporate into your daily life? Gallons of water you use in everyday life Write down a hypothesis for each of the following items as to how many gallons of water you think it takes to do or make them. Then research how many actual gallons of water it takes to make or do each of the following. Here are some good websites to start with (USE THEM!) or find other reliable websites: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-conservation-tips/ http://www.treehugger.com/green-food/holy-cow-burger-just-cost-660-gallons-water-make.html http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/how-many-gallons-of-water-does-it-take-to-make.html http://www.audubonmagazine.org/articles/nature/thirteen-fun-facts-about-water
6 Hypothesis How many gallons? Actual Amount How many gallons? Shower Flushing Toilet Bottle of Water Washing Clothes Jeans Burger Cup of Coffee Gallon of Gas
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