Synthesis of Findings
Synthesis is the combination of two or more things. In the case of Evidence-Based Practice, synthesis involves combining the ideas or results from two or more articles or sources in a way that is relatable to clinical practice. Synthesis of findings from various sources is essential to have a cohesive conclusion about the evidence you have appraised. When combining the ideas or results, it is important to focus on:
The strength of the evidence in terms of:
Quantity: In our case, 2 articles
Quality: We’ve done our critical appraisals and can speak to the quality of each article
Consistency of results between the articles
The applicability of the evidence to the clinical topic at hand
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Assignment Objective:
Organize key components of critical appraisals
Synthesize research findings from the assigned and appraised clinical practice guideline and randomized controlled trial. Use the information that you developed in the prior assignments to support your statements in completing this assignment.
Instructions:
Access the topical bundle, including each of the articles and your critical appraisals of each.
Download and complete Synthesis Worksheet. Synthesis Worksheet_FS22.docx Download Synthesis Worksheet_FS22.docx
Follow the instructions in the worksheet and in the rubric. As always, reach out to your faculty member with questions.
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You are a nurse practitioner that cares for clients across the lifespan in the sunny state of Florida. Caroline is a post-menopausal 66 year-old Black woman whose screening bone density scan returned with an indication of low bone mass, or osteopenia. Her Vitamin D level is slightly low at 27 ng/mL. She has not had any fractures, and nobody in her family has a history of osteoporosis. You know that adequate calcium and vitamin D intake are important for bone density. The question is will Vitamin D supplementation help Caroline increase her bone density, thereby reducing the risk of osteoporotic fracture?
The following question helps to frame your search:
PICO: In elderly Black women with low bone density and low Vitamin D levels, how does Vitamin D supplementation vs. no supplementation impact bone mineral density?
Synthesis of Findings
Student Name
Course Faculty
Term
Directions
this is the worksheet, do in its entirety, beginning with the table, and finishing with the references on the last page.
PICO Question: (The assigned PICO question from faculty)
Synthesis Table
Refer to the Faculty Summary Critical Appraisals, and your own critical appraisals. Complete this Table including pertinent information for each article that we reviewed as a part of your faculty member’s topical bundle.
Clinical Practice Guideline
(1st Author, year)
Randomized Controlled Trial
(1st Author, year)
Research Question/ Objective
Study Population
Setting/ Organization:
Who developed the guideline? Where was the RCT conducted?
Key Results (summarize key results such as statistics or recommendations related to the study’s research question/aim)
Which Appraisal Tool was used?
Appraisal Strengths: List 3 methodological strengths based upon concepts from the CADTH or CASP tool. Include page number.
Appraisal Weaknesses: List 3 sources of bias or methodological weakness based upon concepts from the CADTH or CASP tool. Include page number.
Key Recommendations/ Results: RELATED to the faculty PICO. State the recommendation/ result here and include the page number, and strength of recommendation (for cpg) or statistic (for rct).
Synthesis
Pull It Together: Look at the colored cells from the table. Synthesize these two sources to yield an answer to the clinical PICO question. Think about whether the answers are similar or different. Be succinct. Complete the paragraph below with appropriate answers and information. Ensure graduate level writing by including transitions and removing long run-on sentences.
“The PICO question “(state faculty PICO question)” encouraged a brief search of the literature. The critical appraisal of a Clinical Practice Guideline (citation) developed by (organization), had methodological strengths of (list 3), and limitations of (list3). The Randomized Controlled Trial (citation) set in (location) had methodological strengths of (list 3), and limitations of (list 3). Based on these two critical appraisals, there is (sufficient/insufficient) evidence to recommend (intervention) for (population) to impact (outcome). (state caveats related to risk/benefit ratio, limited literature search, patient preferences, etc) This is a very limited search of the literature, and individual client needs need to be taken into consideration.”
References: Please include your APA reference list here. (Include 2 articles and 2 tools)
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Header
Description
Points
PICO question
The faculty-assigned pico question is stated at the top of the assignment.
1
Synthesis Table
CPG Table Completion
The table is complete and accurate for these items under the CPG header: Research question, population, organization, key results, appraisal tool used
3 points
CPG Appraisal Strengths
The student lists 3 methodological strengths based on concepts from the CADTH tool, including page number
3 points
-½ point for no page number
CPG Appraisal Weaknesses
The student lists 3 methodological weaknesses or sources of bias based on concepts from the CADTH tool, including page number
3 points
Key recommendation related to faculty PICO
The student States the recommendation as related to the PICO including the page number, and strength of recommendation (for cpg)
2
RCT Table Completion
The table is complete and accurate for these items under the RCT header: Research question, population, setting, key results, appraisal tool used
3
RCT Appraisal Strengths
The student lists 3 methodological strengths based on concepts from the CASP tool, including page number
3-½ point for no page number
RCT Appraisal Weaknesses
The student lists 3 methodological weaknesses or sources of bias based on concepts from the CASP tool, including page number
3
Key recommendation related to faculty PICO
The student States the result as related to the PICO including the page number, and pertinent statistic (for cpg)
2
Synthesis Paragraph
Narrative
The student fills in the blanks for the narrative synthesis. Ensure proper grammar- reducing long run-on sentences, and including transitions.
5
References
APA and Grammar
The student provides references in the correct APA format. There are no errors in grammar.
2
Total points
30
Rubric
Synthesis and Dissemination WI22
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePICO QuestionThe faculty-assigned pico question is stated at the top of the assignment.
1 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
1 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome CPG Table Completion The table is complete and accurate for these items under the CPG header: Research question, population, organization, key results, appraisal tool used
3 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCPG Appraisal StrengthsThe student lists 3 methodological strengths based on concepts from the CADTH tool, including page number
3 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
-1/2 point for no page numbers
0 pts
No Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCPG Appraisal WeaknessesThe student lists 3 methodological weaknesses or sources of bias based on concepts from the CADTH tool, including page number
3 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
-1/2 point for no page numbers
0 pts
No Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeKey recommendation related to faculty PICOThe student States the CPG recommendation as related to the PICO including the page number, and strength of recommendation (for cpg)
2 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
2 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRCT Table CompletionThe table is complete and accurate for these items under the RCT header: Research question, population, setting, key results, appraisal tool used
3 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRCT Appraisal StrengthsThe student lists 3 methodological strengths based on concepts from the CASP tool, including page number
3 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
-1/2 point for no page numbers
0 pts
No Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRCT Appraisal WeaknessesThe student lists 3 methodological weaknesses or sources of bias based on concepts from the CASP tool, including page number
3 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
-1/2 point for no page numbers
0 pts
No Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeKey recommendation related to faculty PICOThe student States the result as related to the PICO including the page number, and pertinent rct statistic
2 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
2 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSynthesis ParagraphThe student fills in the blanks for the narrative synthesis.
5 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
0 pts
No Marks
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeReferencesThe student provides references in the correct APA format. There are no errors in grammar.
2 to >0.0 pts
Full Marks
-0.1 point for each APA error
0 pts
No Marks
2 pts
Total Points: 30
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I tried uploading the two articles to be used, will attach as add on.
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